{"id":2504,"date":"2026-05-26T01:43:43","date_gmt":"2026-05-26T01:43:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/test-uwsp-multi.pantheonsite.io\/wisconsin-forestry-center\/?page_id=2504"},"modified":"2026-05-26T01:43:43","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T01:43:43","slug":"hardwood-defect-guides","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.uwsp.edu\/wisconsin-forestry-center\/homepage\/professional-development\/hardwood-defect-guides\/","title":{"rendered":"Hardwood Defect Guides"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"uwsp-horizontal-cards light-gray-solid blockspacetop blockspacebottom\"><div class=\"site-width\"><section class=\"hcard-container\" aria-label=\"Horizontal Card\"><div class=\"uwsp-horizontal-card-container\" aria-live=\"off\">\n<div class=\"uwsp-horiz-card-block\" id=\"hcard17797583297212415\"><div class=\"uwsp-horiz-card-individual split5050 hcard-imgleft\"><div class=\"hcard-infocell\"><h3 class=\"hcard-title\">Hardwood Defect Guides<\/h3><div class=\"hcard-content\"><p>The Wisconsin Forestry Center is developing \u200bphotographic guides to defects in hardwood tree species. The guides are intended as a resource to assist foresters and loggers in understanding \u200bthe impacts of externally visible defects on internal conditions in a tree.\u200b\u200b Understanding the impact of external defects on the quality of lum\u200bber inside a tree is of prime importance for foresters when developing stand prescriptions and marking timber. \u200b<em>The Foresters&rsquo; Photographic Guide to Stem Defects in Hard Maple <\/em>was published in 2023, and a guide to defects in red oak will be released in 2026.<\/p><\/div><div>\n<a class=\"uwspbtn uwsp-btn-solid-purple\" href=\"https:\/\/uwspce.ungerboeck.net\/prod\/emc00\/register.aspx?OrgCode=10&amp;EvtID=6429&amp;AppCode=REG&amp;CC=123041826516\" target=\"_self\">Order Now! <i class=\"fa-solid fa-circle-chevron-right\"><\/i><\/a>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"hcard-mediacell\"><div class=\"hcard-images hcard-twoimg\"><div class=\"hcard-image\" style=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/www.uwsp.edu\/wisconsin-forestry-center\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/01\/Maple-Defect-Guide-FINAL_Page_14-e1688074695299.jpg)\">\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"hcard-image\" style=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/www.uwsp.edu\/wisconsin-forestry-center\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/01\/Maple-Defect-Guide-FINAL_Page_15.jpg)\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"hslider-buttoncontainer\"><button class=\"hsliderBack horizontal-sliderbutton\" aria-label=\"previous slide\">\u276e<\/button><div class=\"single-card-nav\"><\/div><button class=\"hsliderForward horizontal-sliderbutton\" aria-label=\"next slide\">\u276f<\/button><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"uwsp-horizontal-cards light-gray-solid blockspacetop blockspacebottom\"><div class=\"site-width\"><section class=\"hcard-container\" aria-label=\"Horizontal Card\"><div class=\"uwsp-horizontal-card-container\" aria-live=\"off\">\n<div class=\"uwsp-horiz-card-block\" id=\"hcard1779758718792775\"><div class=\"uwsp-horiz-card-individual split3366 hcard-imgright\"><div class=\"hcard-infocell\"><h3 class=\"hcard-title\">PHOTOGRAPHIC GUIDE TO DEFECTS IN HARD MAPLE<\/h3><div class=\"hcard-content\"><p>Hard maple represents both one of the highest volume and highest value timber species in the Lake States. The 55-page maple defect guide feature\u200bs full-color photos depicting how a defect moves through a log, board-by-board.\u200b The guide describes wound \u200bresponse in trees and documents the impacts from the following types of defects: butt defects, cavities, tearouts, maple borer, bird peck, included bark, seams, epicormic sprouts, and remnant branches. \u200b\u200bEach defect is depicted with images of the tree&rsquo;s exterior as well as how the defect appears on milled boards.<\/p><\/div><div>\n<a class=\"uwspbtn uwsp-btn-solid-purple\" href=\"https:\/\/uwspce.ungerboeck.net\/prod\/emc00\/register.aspx?OrgCode=10&amp;EvtID=6429&amp;AppCode=REG&amp;CC=123041826516\" target=\"_self\">Order Now! <i class=\"fa-solid fa-circle-chevron-right\"><\/i><\/a>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"hcard-mediacell\"><div class=\"hcard-images hcard-oneimg\"><div class=\"hcard-image\" style=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/www.uwsp.edu\/wisconsin-forestry-center\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/01\/Maple-Defect-banner-3.jpg)\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"hslider-buttoncontainer\"><button class=\"hsliderBack horizontal-sliderbutton\" aria-label=\"previous slide\">\u276e<\/button><div class=\"single-card-nav\"><\/div><button class=\"hsliderForward horizontal-sliderbutton\" aria-label=\"next slide\">\u276f<\/button><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Order the Guide<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Cost: $20\/each.&nbsp;<strong>Free shipping!<\/strong><strong>\u200b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Discounted price of $18\/each available for Wisconsin SFI members. Please list your organization in your order information.<\/em><em>\u200b<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>How to Order:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u200b<\/strong>1. <a href=\"https:\/\/uwspce.ungerboeck.net\/prod\/emc00\/register.aspx?OrgCode=10&amp;EvtID=6429&amp;AppCode=REG&amp;CC=123041826516\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Order online<\/a>.<br>2. Or send <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uwsp.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Maple-Defect-Guide-Order-Form-Fillable.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fillable order form<\/a> along with check payment to: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Wisconsin Forestry Center<br>Attn: Maple Defect Guide<br>800 Reserve St.<br>UW-Stevens Point<br>Stevens Point, WI 54481<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr style=\"border: 1px solid black;background-color: black\">\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"uwsp-horizontal-cards light-gray-solid blockspacetop blockspacebottom\"><div class=\"site-width\"><section class=\"hcard-container\" aria-label=\"Horizontal Card\"><div class=\"uwsp-horizontal-card-container\" aria-live=\"off\">\n<div class=\"uwsp-horiz-card-block\" id=\"hcard17797592075336138\"><div class=\"uwsp-horiz-card-individual split5050 hcard-imgright\"><div class=\"hcard-infocell\"><h3 class=\"hcard-title\">PHOTOGRAPHIC GUIDE TO DEFECTS IN NORTHERN RED OAK<\/h3><h4 class=\"hcard-subtitle\">COMING IN 2026!<\/h4><div class=\"hcard-content\"><p>Northern red oak (<em>Quercus rubra<\/em>) is an economically important species in the Lake States.&nbsp;Of the species in the defect guide series, hard maple is extraordinary at compartmentalizing wounds, while northern red oak is more moderate. This guide will document impacts from the following types of defects: butt defects, epicormic sprouts, co-dominant stems, tearouts, suppressed growth, logging equipment damage, seams, and insect damage. Trees for this guide were selected from a site in Shawano County.<\/p>\n<p>This project was completed thanks to three research assistant interns in the UW-Stevens Point College of Natural Resources.<\/p>\n<p>     <\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>View <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/dA4O4x2QYQE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">their presentations<\/a> from the 2024 CNR Student Research Symposium.<\/li>\n \n<li>Read about their research in the Great Lakes Timber Professionals Association <em><a href=\"..\/..\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/GLTPA-Magazine-June-2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Great Lakes TPA Magazine<\/a><\/em> from June 2024.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hcard-mediacell\"><div class=\"hcard-images hcard-oneimg\"><div class=\"hcard-image\" style=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/www.uwsp.edu\/wisconsin-forestry-center\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/01\/Student-Employees-e1703185710720.jpg)\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"hslider-buttoncontainer\"><button class=\"hsliderBack horizontal-sliderbutton\" aria-label=\"previous slide\">\u276e<\/button><div class=\"single-card-nav\"><\/div><button class=\"hsliderForward horizontal-sliderbutton\" aria-label=\"next slide\">\u276f<\/button><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr style=\"border: 1px solid black;background-color: black\">\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Project Partners<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This project was made possible through support from the following entities:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wisfi.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"544\" height=\"563\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uwsp.edu\/wisconsin-forestry-center\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/01\/SFI-Logo.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-444\" style=\"width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uwsp.edu\/wisconsin-forestry-center\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/01\/SFI-Logo.jpg 544w, https:\/\/www.uwsp.edu\/wisconsin-forestry-center\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/01\/SFI-Logo-290x300.jpg 290w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 544px) 100vw, 544px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mohican.com\/services\/natural-resources\/forestry\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"167\" height=\"167\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uwsp.edu\/wisconsin-forestry-center\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/01\/Stockbridge-Munsee.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-453\" style=\"width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uwsp.edu\/wisconsin-forestry-center\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/01\/Stockbridge-Munsee.png 167w, https:\/\/www.uwsp.edu\/wisconsin-forestry-center\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/01\/Stockbridge-Munsee-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 167px) 100vw, 167px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tigertonlumber.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"774\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uwsp.edu\/wisconsin-forestry-center\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Tigerton-shirt-logo-1024x774.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2512\" style=\"width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uwsp.edu\/wisconsin-forestry-center\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Tigerton-shirt-logo-1024x774.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.uwsp.edu\/wisconsin-forestry-center\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Tigerton-shirt-logo-300x227.png 300w, https:\/\/www.uwsp.edu\/wisconsin-forestry-center\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Tigerton-shirt-logo-768x581.png 768w, https:\/\/www.uwsp.edu\/wisconsin-forestry-center\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Tigerton-shirt-logo-1536x1161.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.uwsp.edu\/wisconsin-forestry-center\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Tigerton-shirt-logo-2048x1548.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Order the Guide Cost: $20\/each.&nbsp;Free shipping!\u200b Discounted price of $18\/each available for Wisconsin SFI members. Please list your organization in your order information.\u200b How to Order:\u00a0 \u200b1. Order online.2. Or send fillable order form along with check payment to: Wisconsin Forestry CenterAttn: Maple Defect Guide800 Reserve St.UW-Stevens PointStevens Point, WI 54481 Project Partners This project [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"parent":2076,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2504","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uwsp.edu\/wisconsin-forestry-center\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2504","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uwsp.edu\/wisconsin-forestry-center\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uwsp.edu\/wisconsin-forestry-center\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uwsp.edu\/wisconsin-forestry-center\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uwsp.edu\/wisconsin-forestry-center\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2504"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.uwsp.edu\/wisconsin-forestry-center\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2504\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2515,"href":"https:\/\/www.uwsp.edu\/wisconsin-forestry-center\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2504\/revisions\/2515"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uwsp.edu\/wisconsin-forestry-center\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2076"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uwsp.edu\/wisconsin-forestry-center\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2504"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}