Homework - Nonparametric Statistics

DIRECTIONS: When computation is required, show all work neatly. Attach Minitab output where appropriate and do mark it up to clearly indicate the relevant material in the output.

1. What are two reasons why one might wish to use a nonparametric test?
   
   
2. Consider the following frequencies on preference for a given time of day among college students.
   
   

   Time of Day
   Morning	Afternoon	Evening	Night
   14	7	13	6

   
   Is there a preference for a specific time of day?
   
   
3. The learned helplessness is a phenomena whereby exposure to inescapable, uncontrollable events leads to an expectation of response-outcome independence. In other words, animals exposed to aversive, uncontrollable events develop an expectation that nothing they do matters. This phenomena has served as an animal model of human depression. In one study, rats were injected with tumorous cells. Half of the rats had been exposed to the helplessness treatment and the other half received a similar treatment, but one that they could control.
   
   

   		Tumor Developed
   		Yes	No
   Group	Control	9	12
   	Helpless	15	7

   
   Does the helplessness treatment influence tumor development?