Clinical Laboratory Science

Faculty: J Bulgrin, C Hebert, C Paulson, S Raab, M Shulfer
Medical Director: Lloyd Arnold, M.D.
Definition: Clinical laboratory science consists of (1) medical technology for performing lab tests used in preventing, diagnosing, and monitoring diseases; (2) cytotechnology for examining tissues and fluids microscopically to distinguish cancerous from normal cells; and (3) histotechnology for preparing slides for microscopic examination using complex processing and staining techniques. Professionals in these fields study microbiology, hematology, clinical chemistry, immunology, blood bank and more.

The health science major will prepare you with an interdisciplinary and liberal arts foundation for a variety of professional careers within the health care system. Core courses emphasize the human, behavioral, and physical sciences, and foser an appreciation of the complexities of the health care system. You select one of four specific options of study: prephysical therapy, preoccupational therapy, health care administration, or health care informatics.

Cytotechnology Option
Includes the academic program (98-103 on-campus credits) and the clinical practicum (26 off-campus credits).

Histotechnology Option
Includes the academic program (98-103 on-campus credits) and the clinical practicum (24 off-campus credits).

Medical Technology Option
Includes the academic program (119-120 on-campus credits) and the clinical practicum (26 off-campus credits).

Accreditation
The UWSP Clinical Laboratory Science Program, Medical Technology Option, is accredited by the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences. Inquiries regarding the accreditation status of the program may be directed to: NAACLS, 8410 West Bryn Mawr Ave, Suite 670, Chicago IL 60631; phone 773-714-8880; fax 773-714-8886; e-mail gjo@naccls.org.

Affiliation agreements
This university has affiliation agreements with the following medical facilities to provide clinical practicum education for seniors. The director and the educational coordinators of the affiliated clinical laboratories are given courtesy appointments as university adjunct faculty.

Medical Technology
Affinity Health System, Appleton: Peter Podlusky, MD; Cecelia W. Landin, MS, MT(ASCP);
Aspirus Wausau Hospital, Wausau: Steven Bodemer, MD; Susan Flaker Johnson, MEPD, MT(ASCP);
Berkshire Medical Center, Pittsfield, Massachusetts: Rebecca Johnson, MD; Lori Moore, MEd, MT(ASCP);
Langlade Memorial Hospital, Antigo: Michael Lawton MT(ASCP);
Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota: Susan Lehman, Prog. Dir., DLMP/MSHS Allied Health Education;
Riverview Hospital, Wisconsin Rapids: Michael Lange, MT(ASCP);
Sacred Heart Hospital, Eau Claire: Thomas W. Hadley, MD; Richard Miley, MS, MT(ASCP);
St. Joseph's Hospital, Marshfield: Gene Shaw, MD; Julie Seehafer, SH(ASCP);
St. Michael’s Hospital, Stevens Point: Rodney Hoeth, MS, MT(ASCP);
St. Vincent Hospital, Green Bay: Frank Lawrence, MBA, MT(ASCP);
ThedaCare Laboratories, Neenah: Kathy Procknow, MT(ASCP) SBB;
V.A. Hines Hospital: M. E. Rubnitz, MD; Donna Wray, BS, MT(ASCP).

Cytotechnology
Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison: Lynn Sterud, CT(ASCP);
Marshfield Laboratories, Marshfield: George Rupp, MD; Donald Schnitzler, BS, CT(ASCP);
Mayo Clinic-School of Health Sciences, Rochester, Minn: John Goellner, MD; Jill Caudill, MEd, CT(ASCP).

Histotechnology
Marshfield Laboratories, Marshfield: Kathryn Kolquist, MD; Katherine Gorman, BS, HTL(ASCP).

Academic core requirements:
1. The bachelor of science general degree requirements.
2. Health Science, 16 credits: 105, 350, 395, 410, 490, 499.
3. Clinical Laboratory Science, 6 credits: 105, 295, 495.
4. Collateral courses: Anthorpology 380; Biology 160, 285; Chemistry 105; Math 355; Philosophy 121, 302; Political Science 306; Psychology 110; Sociology 101.
Select one option from health care administration, health care informatics, preoccupational therapy, or prephysical therapy (below).

Health Care Administration Option

Complete the HS core requirements above.
Accounting 210; Business 320, 324, 330; Computer Information Systems 110; Economics 211, 324.
Electives: At least 9 credits in business administration courses at the 300-400 level not including Bus 497, 498, 499.

Health Care Informatics Option

Complete the HS core requirements above.
Accounting 210, 211.
Select one area of emphasis:
1. Computer Information Systems: CIS 110, 120, 210, 220, 310; Math 209, OR
Web & Digital Media Development: WDMD 100, 110, 200, 201, 210, 302, and 6 credits in WDMD courses numbered 345 and above.

Pre-Occupational Therapy Option

Complete the HS core requirements above.
Biology 387; Food and Nutrition 253, Health Promotion/Wellness 312; Health Science 390; Physical Education 310; Physics 101; Psychology 260, 351.

Pre-Physical Therapy Option

Complete the HS core requirements above.
Biology 387; Chemistry 106; Food and Nutrition 253; Health Promotion/Wellness 312; Health Science 390; Physical Education 310; Physics 203, 204; Psychology 260, 351.

Academic Standards
For acceptance and continued registration as a candidate for the clinical lab science or health science major you must have a grade point average of 2.75 overall and in the sciences, including biology, chemistry, mathematics, health science, and clinical lab science at the end of your sophomore year. You are screened during the summer following your sophomore year for acceptability to apply for clinical practicum positions. You must also maintain a 2.75 GPA overall and in the sciences throughout your junior year.

Grades in required courses taken prior to declaring academic bankruptcy or in repeating courses will be used in calculating your grade point average. No more than two courses with grades of less than C- will be accepted in the major and/or may be repeated for credit.

If you do not meet these standards, you may petition the director for consideration. Courses in clinical lab science are open to all students who meet the prerequisites. The minimum GPA for graduation is 2.50.

Test-Out and Credit-by-Exam Policy
Advanced placement and credit-by-exam are available for all courses offered through the Department of Health Sciences. Contact the department chair for additional information.

Courses in Clinical Laboratory Science
*Clinical practicum: courses marked with (*) will be completed at affiliated clinical laboratories. Admission to the Professional Program is a prerequisite for all clinical practicum courses.

CLS 100. Overview of Health Occupations. 1 cr. Investigate 200-plus careers in the health industry with job shadowing experiences in community health care facilities. Includes medical terminology, physiology and anatomy, disease processes, interpersonal skills, current health issues/concerns.

CLS 101. Evolution of Health Care. 1 cr. History of medicine and evolution of health care professionals in context of philosophical and cultural influences. CLS 100 in addition to 101 will be accepted as an equivalent to CLS 105. Prereq: 100.

CLS 105. Evolution of Health Care and Health Care Professions. 3 cr. History of medicine and evolution of health care professions in the context of philosophical and cultural influences; examine various health care systems; analyze current health care system and health professions in the United States. 3 hrs lec per wk. GDR:SS2

CLS 125. Introduction to Clinical Laboratory Science. 2 cr. Overview of laboratory safety, phlebotomy, immunology, immunohematology, hematology, coagulation, clinical chemistry, body fluid analysis, diagnostic microbiology, and molecular pathology. Major topics are accompanied with introductory lab exercises. 1 hr lec, 2 hrs lab per wk.

CLS 205. Clinical Orientation. 1 cr; pass/fail. Hospital introduction to laboratory techniques. Open to students considering a CLS major.

CLS 295. Medical Terminology. 2 cr. Examine bases of medical terms: prefixes, suffixes, roots, combined forms; terms that name the nine basic body systems and organs. 2 hrs lec per wk.

CLS 365. Body Fluid Analysis. 2 cr. Theoretical and practical aspects of chemical and microscopic analysis of urine, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, and serous fluid. 2 hrs lec per wk. Independent lab. Prereq: Biology 285.

CLS 375. Quality Systems in the Clinical Laboratory. 1 cr. Study quality management in the clinical laboratory; discuss pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases of testing, statistical methods of quality control, regulatory requirements, verification of instrument maintenance and functions, and risk assessment. 1 hr lec per wk. Prereq: Admission to professional program.

CLS 385. Professional Leadership Development. 3 cr. Study professional roles, responsibilities, contemporary problems and conflicts related to leadership and laboratory administration; discuss human resource management, financial management, and education methodologies appropriate for supervisors and managers. 2 hrs lec, 2 hrs lab per wk. Prereq: Jr st.

CLS 395. Environment, Health, and Technology. 3 cr. The changing environment and its relationship to human health, including historical review, current concerns, and future projections. Topics: health effects of radiation, water and air pollutants, antibiotics, emerging infectious diseases and overpopulation. Case studies. Prereq: Jr st. GDR:EL

*CLS 399. Special Work. 1-3 cr. Special independent research projects. Credit based on scope of project. Prereq: Jr st and cons chair.

*CLS 400. Cytologic Techniques I. 3 cr. Study common diagnostic techniques in cytology.

*CLS 401. Cytologic Techniques II. 3 cr. Study advanced techniques and emerging methodoligies in cytology.

*CLS 402. Microscopy. 1 cr. Study of light and electron microscopy techniques for the histology laboratory.

CLS 405. Clinical Chemistry. 4 cr. Study physiology of body analytes, organ systems, and clinical procedures corresponding to human disease states; discuss areas unique to clinical chemistry laboratory and professional performance. 3 hrs lec, 3 hrs lab per wk. Prereq: Chemistry 365 or con reg.

*CLS 406. Clinical Chemistry Practicum. 4 cr. Apply principles of clinical chemistry; use chemical analytical techniques to determine specific substances and correlate results to various disease states. Prereq: 405.

CLS 409. Immunohistochemistry. 3 cr. Study the theory and techniques in immunohistochemistry staining.

*CLS 410. Histology Techniques I. 3 cr. Study laboratory safety, specimen processing and accessioning, instrumentation, and fixation.

*CLS 411. Histology Techniques II. 3 cr. Study techniques for tissue processing, theories of staining, and tissue embedding.

*CLS 412. Histology Instrumentation. 3 cr. Study of routine histology instruments; tissue preparation and use of microtomes and other instruments in preparing and staining specimens for microscopic examination.

CLS 414. Hemostasis. 1 cr. Study mechanisms and disorders of hemostasis and fibrinolysis; diagnostic techniques and instrumentation used in patient diagnosis. 1 hr lec, 1 hr lab per wk.

CLS 415. Hematology. 4 cr. Study the hematopoietic system including the relationship of hematologic disease states to diagnostic characteristics; determine blood and bone marrow cellular morphology; discuss erythrocyte and leukocyte disorders; study diagnostic techniques and correlate results to disease processes. 3 hrs lec, 3 hrs lab per wk. Prereq: Biology 285.

*CLS 416. Clinical Hematology/Hemostasis Practicum. 4 cr. Practical application of theoretical knowledge in hematology and hemostasis; process and analyze patient specimens; use instrument-ation and microscopic techniques to determine anemias, leukemias, coagulation disorders, and other disease processes. Prereq: 415.

*CLS 420. Special Stains. 6 cr. Use special staining methodology for connective tissue, nerve cells, lipids, amyloid, minerals, pigments, microorganisms, and enzymes.

*CLS 421. Frozen Sections and Cytology Preparation. 3 cr. Study the techniques to prepare frozen tissue and sections for microscopic examination.

CLS 425. Diagnostic Medical Microbiology. 5 cr. Study bacterial, mycoplasmal, rickettsial, and chlamydial diseases of humans; identify clinical signs and symptoms of these diseases; explore collection, transportation, modes of transmission, and laboratory methods used to detect and identify the pathogens as well as appropriate antibiotic therapy. 3 hrs lec, 6 hrs lab per wk. Prereq: Biology 333.

*CLS 426. Diagnostic Microbiology Practicum. 5 cr. Cultivate, isolate, and identify pathogenic bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites from a variety of patient specimens; perform antibiotic sensitivities and therapeutic drug testing. Prereq: 425.

CLS 427. Diagnostic Medical Parasitology. 1 cr. Study life cycles of human parasites of medical significance. Identify clinical signs, symptoms, treatment, and epidemiology associated with human parasitic disease. Examine specimen collection, transportation and laboratory methods used to detect and identify the parasites. 1 hr lec, 2 hrs lab per wk for 8 wks. Prereq: Biology 333.

CLS 428. Medical Mycology. 1 cr. Study medically significant fungi. Identify clinical signs, symptoms, treatment, and epidemiology associated with human mycotic diseases. Explore laboratory methods used to detect and identify organisms. 1 hr lec, 2 hrs lab per wk for 8 wks. Prereq: Biology 333.

CLS 435. Immunology. 3 cr. Study concepts in immunology and serologic techniques used to diagnose disease; discuss immunodeficiency diseases, autoimmune disorders, immunology of malignancies, and hypersensitivities. 2 hrs lec, 3 hrs lab per wk. Prereq: Biology 285

*CLS 436. Clinical Immunology Practicum. 2 cr. Apply clinical immunologic techniques to identify antigen-antibody reactions and relate to disease states; explore principles and interpretation of HLA testing and flow cytometry. Prereq: 435.

CLS 445. Immunohematology. 3 cr. Study of human blood group systems, antibody screening and identification, blood components, compatibility testing, donor selection and processing, blood bank regulations; perform blood bank procedures. 2 hrs lec; 3 hrs lab per wk. Prereq: Biology 285.

*CLS 446. Clinical Immunohematology Practicum. 3 cr. Concepts of blood banking; determine patient compatibility for blood and blood components; solve hemolytic disease and antibody identification problems; process blood and components; explore histocompatibility techniques. Prereq: 445.

CLS 451. Advanced Clinical Studies in Immunology and Immunohematology. 2 cr. Advanced study of immunological principles in diagnostic testing; problems and solutions to compatibility testing for blood components and tissue and organ transplants. Prereq: CLT(NCA) or MLT(ASCP) certification; admis to professional program.

CLS 452. Advanced Clinical Studies in Hematology and Hemostasis. 2 cr. Principles and procedures of complex clinical tests used to diagnose, treat and monitor patients with leukemias, anemias, and other hematologic disorders. Examine factors involved in complicated hemostasis situations. Prereq: CLT(NCA) or MLT(ASCP) certification; admis to professional program.

CLS 453. Advanced Studies in Clinical Chemistry. 2 cr. Advanced automated and manual techniques in chemical analysis of blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, and other fluids and tissues. Focus on problem solving in clinical chemistry lab. Prereq: CLT(NCA) or MLT(ASCP) certification; admis to professional program.

CLS 454. Advanced Diagnostic Microbiology. 2 cr. Advanced techniques used to handle and identify fastidious and highly infectious microbes, especially antibiotic-resistant organisms. Appropriate responses to biohazardous spills, potential contamination of food and water, and bioterrorism. Prereq: CLT(NCA) or MLT(ASCP) certification; admis to professional program.

*CLS 456. Advanced Applications Practicum. 1 cr. Advanced study in specific practice of clinical laboratory science such as ancillary testing, laboratory information systems, primary care laboratory, management, industry, cytogenetics or molecular biology.

*CLS 461. Advanced Clinical Practicum in Immunology and Immunohematology. 3 cr. Perform advanced diagnostic tests in immunology and correlate results to disease states of patients. Prepare blood products for patient infusion. Perform compatibility tests and resolve issues with incompatible situations. Apply principles of quality assurance. Prereq: 451.

*CLS 462. Advanced Clinical Practicum in Hematology and Hemostasis. 3 cr. Perform complex clinical tests to diagnose, treat, and monitor patients with leukemias, anemias, and other hematological disorders. Determine factor deficiencies in problem situations encountered in hemostatis. Apply principles of quality assurance. Prereq: 452.

*CLS 463. Advanced Clinical Practicum in Clinical Chemistry and Body Fluids. 3 cr. Perform complex chemical analysis of blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, and other fluids and tissues. Interpret and correlate test results with disease processes. Apply principles of quality assurance. Prereq: 453.

*CLS 464. Advanced Clinical Practicum in Diagnostic Microbiology. 3 cr. Process, isolate, and identify fastidious and highly infectious microbes. Perform and interpret antibiotic sensitivity tests. Perform quantitative drug testing and determine therapeutic range. Respond to emergency enactment situations. Apply principles of quality assurance. Prereq: 454.

CLS 465. Molecular Pathology. 3 cr. Study composition, structure, function, and characteristic DNA; use clinical laboratory techniques to isolate, amplify, manipulate, and analyze DNA sequences; relate to human health and disease states. 1 hr lec, 6 hrs lab per wk.

*CLS 468. Gynecologic Cytology. 6 cr. Study normal cell differentiation in the female reproductive system. Identify and describe cellular changes/abnormalities in cells found in female reproductive organs.

*CLS 469. Pulmonary Cytology. 3 cr. Study normal cell differentiation in the lung. Identify and describe cellular changes and abnormalities in cells found in pulmonary tissue.

*CLS 470. GI Tract Cytology. 3 cr. Study normal cell differentiation. Identify and describe cellular changes and abnormalities in cells found in the GI tract.

*CLS 471. Urinary Tract Cytology. 2 cr. Study normal cell differentiation. Identify and describe cellular changes and abnormalities in cells found in the urinary tract.

*CLS 476. Clinical Body Fluid Analysis. 1 cr. Clinical study of body fluids including cerebral spinal fluid, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, seminal fluid, and urinalysis; discuss specimen analysis, diagnostic procedures, and test results as related to disease. Prereq: 365.

*CLS 479. Body Fluid Cytology. 2 cr. Distinguish normal cells from cells undergoing changes and abnormal cells in various body fluids.

*CLS 480. Aspiration Cytology. 2 cr. Classification and differentiation of cells obtained through aspiration techniques.

*CLS 486. Management and Laboratory Information Systems. 2 cr. Management theory and application of management techniques to laboratory situations; fundamentals of laboratory information systems. Prereq: 385.

*CLS 488. Methodologies in Histology Education. 1 cr. Current approaches to education in the histology laboratory.

*CLS 489. Methodologies in Cytology Education. 1 cr. Current approaches to education in the cytology laboratory.

*CLS 490. Management in Cytology. 1 cr. Study of cytology laboratory management practices.

*CLS 491. Management in Histology. 1 cr. Study of histology laboratory management practices.

CLS 495. Research Design and Methods in Health Sciences. 1 cr. Apply scientific method to health care research problems; explore research design principles; write research proposals; design research project. 1 hr lec per wk. Prereq: Jr st.

CLS 496. Clinical Correlations 1. 1 cr. Correlation of symptoms, clinical test results, and diagnosis of diseases as related to cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, gastrointestinal, and hepatobiliary disorders; appropriate lab use. Prereq: Admission to professional program.

*CLS 497. Clinical Correlations 2. 1 cr. Correlation of symptoms, clinical test results, and diagnosis of diseases as related to endocrine disorders, reproduction, and neurological, hematologic, and immunologic disorders; appropriate lab use.

*CLS 498. Clinical Correlations 3. 1 cr. Correlation of symptoms, clinical test results, and diagnosis of diseases as related to tumor markers, infectious disease, nutritional and metabolic disorders, toxicology and drug monitoring, the neonate, and geriatrics.

*CLS 499. Advanced Clinical Studies. 2 cr. Capstone course under supervision of mentor. Design and conduct research project in specialty area of clinical laboratory science; prepare major research paper and presentation.

Courses in Health Science
HS. 105. Survey of Common Diseases. 3 cr. Examine major disease categories such as infectious disease, cancer, diabetes, stroke, heart disease. Explore basic physiology, causes, risk factors, and prevention within context of public health.

HS 310. Communication in Health Care. 3 cr. Fundamentals of teaching and learning in health care. Explore techniques of therapeutic communication and common barriers to patient learning and achievement of health and disease management goals. Prereq: HS 105, Biology 285.

HS 350. Leadership and Management in Health Care. 3 cr. Interdisciplinary analysis of leadership theory, including concepts of working cooperatively, effective communication, conflict resolution, fiscal responsibility, human resource development, time management, building strategic alliances, and outcomes assessment. Prereq: CLS 105, HS 105.

HS 390. Human Pathophysiology. 4 cr. Examine fundamental concepts of diseases such as cellular adaptation and injury, inflammation, immunity, edema, and neoplasia and apply them to common diseases of select organ systems. Prereq: Biology 285 and 387.

HS 395. Fundamentals of Epidemiology. 3 cr. Introduction to basic principles and methods of epidemiology and application to health care delivery. Includes historical perspective of epidemiology, measures of disease occurrence and association, clinical epidemiology, disease screening, causal inference, study design. Prereq: HS 105 and Math 355 or cons instr.

HS 410. Issues in Aging. 3 cr. Interdisciplinary focus on gerontology, outlining associated health issues with impacts on families and caregivers. Includes demographics, roles and responsibilities, relationships within families, socioeconomic concerns, and barriers to health care. Prereq: HS 390, Political Science 306.

HS 490. Interdisciplinary Perspectives in Health Care. 3 cr. Explore the theory and dynamics of interprofessional and team practice in health professions within the context of service learning projects undertaken in community settings involved in population health issues. Work may involve all phases of project development. Prereq: CLS 350, sr st, or cons instr.

HS 498. Experiential Learning. 1-3 cr. Field learning experiences designed for student's area of emphasis within the Health Science major. Prereq: Minimum so st.

HS 499. Selected Topics in Health Sciences. 1 cr. Choose topic within your health care option and work on independent project under supervision of HS faculty. Prereq: Jr st.