Indonesia, continued

• Video: Ring of Fire (available in IMC call number GN 635 .I65 R57 v.3)

Japan

• many Western styles are currently found in Japan
• Western popular music, e.g. American, British
• Western classical music
• several traditional Japanese styles also found
• folk
• court music
• theater styles e.g. Kabuki
• Elements of Japanese traditional music
• pitch system: based on Chinese model: octave is divided into 12 steps, but they are untempered
• pitch selection: in most compositions 5 notes are used; interval of perfect fourth is important: occurs frequently in melody
• timbre: many unpitched sounds; often used to imitate nature
• texture: most often either monophonic or heterophonic
• rhythm: very flexible, but can be an organizing (structural) principle
• example: jo-ha-kyu has 3 parts based on tempos