Geog. 370: Transportation and Logistics

Review Questions 3

Evolution of the US Transportation System I

Read: Text Chapter 3

1. The first of the three modes of transportation to develop in the US is
   1. water transport
   2. road transport
   3. rail transport
   4. air transport
   
   
   
2. The development of the first road in the US resulted from
   1. the need to establish a postal service
   2. defense and protection purposes
   3. the need to expand the frontier
   4. the need to link the cities of the country
   
   
   
3. The first road in the US was the
   1. the New York Post Road
   2. the Boston Post Road
   3. the Philadelphia Post Road
   4. the Virginia Turnpike
   
   
   
4. Initial road development in the US was largely funded by
   1. public capital
   2. private capital
   3. government loans
   4. both private and government capital
   
   
   
5. The first turnpike road authorized in the US was
   1. The Pennsylvania Turnpike
   2. The Boston Post Road
   3. The Pittsburgh Turnpike
   4. The Virginia Turnpike
   
   
   
6. Which of the following roads was authorized by Congress?
   1. The Cumberland National Road
   2. The Lincoln Highway
   3. The Boston Post Road
   4. The Pennsylvania Turnpike
   
   
   
7. Why was the National Road project abandoned?
   1. High construction cost and competition from the railroad
   2. Lack of support at the local level
   3. Competition from the canal systems
   4. none of the above.
   
   
   
8. Which of the following factors helped launch the Canal Era in America?
   1. The attainment of independence and the need to redirect transportation system of the country
   2. The need to correct the mistakes of the English cities
   3. The problem of coastal navigation
   4. All of the above
   
   
   
9. The significance of the Gallatin Report of 1808 to the canal era was
   1. it signaled government intervention in the Canal Era
   2. it recommended the cutting of the four necks of land.
   3. it recommended the cutting of two northern openings to the west and a Trans-Appalachian Canal System.
   4. all of the above.
   
   
   
10. The "Four Necks" of land that needed to be cut during the canal era included
    1. Boston and New York
    2. Lower New York Bay and the Delaware River
    3. The Delaware-Chesapeake Bay
    4. The Chesapeake-Albermale Sound
    5. all of the above
    
    
    
11. The first of the Trans-Appalachian Canal System to be completed was
    1. The Erie Canal
    2. The Pennsylvania Mainline Canal
    3. The Hudson-Lake Champlain-Richelieu-St Lawrence System
    4. All of the above
    
    
    
12. The immediate cause for the construction of the Pennsylvania Mainland canal was
    1. the completion of the Erie Canal in 1825
    2. the availability of capital for the project
    3. the need to capture dominance over the regional trade
    4. all of the above
    
    
    
13. Which of the following killed the Potomac-Ohio National Canal project ?
    1. The project was too expensive.
    2. Exhaustion of Cumberland coal and increasing distance from the canal to new coal fields.
    3. The coming of the railroad.
    4. All of the above.
    
    
    
14. Why did the Pennsylvania Mainline Canal not replicate the success of the Erie Canal?
    1. The Pennsylvania Mainline Canal required too many transfers and difficult grade to deal with compared with the Erie Canal's one transfer.
    2. The railroads took over the route and the market.
    3. There was not enough public support for it as it was with the Erie Canal.
    4. All of the above.
    
    
    
15. Which of the following Midwestern states had the most extensive network of canals by 1850?
    1. Wisconsin
    2. Michigan
    3. Illinois
    4. Indiana
    5. Ohio
    
    
    
16. The most successful of the Midwest canals that has lasted till this day is
    1. The Ohio-Erie Canal
    2. The Wabash Erie Canal
    3. The Illinois-Michigan Canal
    4. The Fox River Canal
    
    
    
17. Which of the following factors helped save the Illinois-Michigan canal from total eclipse?
    1. The concerns over the sewage problems of the city of Chicago and the realization that the canal could be used as a partial solution.
    2. the strong support the canal enjoyed among the city of Chicago's business elite.
    3. The support from organized labor
    4. All of the above
    
    
    
18. The demise of the canal era in US transport history could be attributed to
    1. The expensive nature of canal construction
    2. The rise of alternative modes of transport especially the railroad
    3. The almost inflexibility of canal transport since it was determined by water availability.
    4. all of the above.
    
    
    
19. Between 1830 and 1850, rail transport in the US was largely characterized
    1. construction of short lines
    2. construction of lines to reach Chicago
    3. the planning of the continental project
    4. All of the above