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A. INTRODUCTION

• Glacier: land-based mass of ice that is flowing or shows signs of past flow

• Glaciers erode and deposit sediment; part of the driving framework

• Two main categories of glaciers:

Alpine (valley) Glaciers photo credit: S. Hillebrand, US FWS

Continental Glaciers (ice sheets) image credit: NASA Blue Marble

 

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B. GLACIAL MECHANICS

• Glacial Flow

Image credit: NASA/JPL

photo credit: Amy Harris (used with permission)

• Glacial Mass Balance

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C. EROSIONAL LANDFORMS

U-shaped Valley or Glacial Trough photo credit: R. Schukar (used with permission)

Hanging Valley photo: K.A. Lemke

 

Cirques photo credit: Molnia/USGS Glossary of Glacial Terminology

Aretes photo: K.A. Lemke

 

Horns, Cirques, Aretes photo copyright B. Molnia, Terra Photographics. Image courtesy Earth Science World Image Bank http://www.earthscienceworld.org/images

Cirques, Horns, Aretes, U-shaped valleys photo copyright B. Molnia, Terra Photographics. Image courtesy Earth Science World Image Bank http://www.earthscienceworld.org/image

 

Tarns

Paternoster Lakes

Striations photo: K.A. Lemke

 

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D. DEPOSITIONAL LANDFORMS

1. Moraines

Lateral Moraines photo: R. Schukar (used with permission)

Medial Moraines photo: Amy Harris (used with permission)

End moraines: terminal moraines and recessional moraines

Other moraines: ground moraines and interlobate moraines

Ground moraine photo: R. Schukar (used with permission)

Interlobate moraine credit: K.A. Lemke

Kettle Holes

Greenbush Kettle, Kettle Moraine State Forest, Wisconsin photo: K.A. Lemke

Drumlins

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E. MELTWATER LANDFORMS

Outwash Plains

Eskers

Glacial tunnel

Esker near Kettle Moraine State Forest, WI

 

Kames

F. WISCONSIN GLACIAL LANDFORMS

G. SUMMARY