IGNEOUS LANDFORMS

A. INTRODUCTION

Driving framework; constructive processes

Rift zones

Subduction zones

Hot spots

B. VOLCANO TYPES

SHIELD VOLCANOES

largest in size

gently sloping

effusive eruptions; basalt

hot spots, rift zones

Image credit: USGS Hawaiian Volcanoes Observatory, Kilauea, May 2004. http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kilauea/update/archive/2004/May/1-10.html

Image credit: D. Little, USGS. Photo Glossary of Volcano Terms. http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/ShieldVolcano.html

Image credit: C. Heliker, USGS Hawaiian Volcanoes Observatory, Pu`u `O`o lava fountain. http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/gallery/kilauea/erupt/19930221_caption.html

COMPOSITE (STRATO) VOLCANOES

intermediate in size (but still big)

steep-sided

explosive eruptions; andesite & rhyolite

subduction zones, continental hotspots, continental rift zones

photo credit: Donald A. Swanson, USGS/Cascades Volcano Observatory
photo credit: Lyn Topinka, USGS/Cascades Volcano Observatory

CINDER CONES

smallest is size

steepest sides

mixed activity; primarily basalt

rift zones, subduction zones, hot spots

Image credit: Priest, et al. USGS Factsheet 017-01. The San Francisco Volcanic Field, Arizona. http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2001/fs017-01/

C. OTHER VOLCANIC LANDFORMS

Craters and Calderas

Image credit: Mike Doukas, USGS/Cascades Volcano Observatory http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/CraterLake/images.html

Lava Flows

Image credit: R.W. Decker, USGS/Hawaiian Volcano Observatory http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/gallery/maunaloa/1984/1984erupt.html

photo credit: J.D. Griggs, USGS/Hawaiian Volcano Observatory http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/gallery/maunaloa/1984/1984erupt.html

Debris Flows and Lahars

Mount Saint Helens debris avalanche

Image credit: Lyn Topinka, USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/MSH/Images/debris_aval_images.html
Mount Saint Helens lahar (mud flow)

photo credit: Lyn Topinka, USGS/Cascades Volcano Observatory http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/MSH/Images/mudflow_images.html

Pyroclastic Flows

Image credit: C. Newhall, USGS Volcano Hazards Program. Photo Glossary of Volcano Terms. http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/PyroFlow.html

Image credit: USGS Volcano Hazards Program. Pyroclastic Flow at Mt. St. Helens. http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Hazards/What/PF/PFMSH.html

D. INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS LANDFORMS

Batholiths

Sills & dikes

Image credits: N.C. Heywood (used with permission)

Volcanic Necks

photo credit: N.C. Heywood (used with permission)

E. SUMMARY

Driving force that builds up landscape

Volcano types

Volcanic landforms

Intrusive igneous landforms