Controls over temperature
earth-sun relations: sun angle & daylength; latitude & season
heat capacity: continentality
radiative energy transfers: incoming & outgoing shortwave (solar) & longwave (terrestrial) radiation
heat energy transfers: sensible, latent & ground heat fluxes
atmospheric structure & composition: altitude & variable gasses
circulation patterns: water & air
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Image source: http://www-airs.jpl.nasa.gov/News/Features/FeaturesNewGlobalMaps
Image source: http://www-airs.jpl.nasa.gov/News/Features/FeaturesNewGlobalMaps