Name:________________________________________________             Section:________________

part 1:  Climate Classification and Distribution

1.   Plot the stations listed in Table 8.3 on the world map provided in Figure 8.5.

2.   Construct climographs for Iquitos, Salt Lake City, Dubuque, and Dawson on the blank climographs provided in Figure 8.6.  Plot temperature as a line graph and precipitation as a bar graph. 

3.   Compute and enter the following statistics at the bottom of each climograph.

a.   Temperature range

b.   Average annual temperature

c.   Total annual precipitation

d.   Total summer precipitation

e.   Total winter precipitation

      **** Note that the summer months are April through September for the Northern hemisphere.  Winter months are October through March.  This is reversed for places located in the Southern hemisphere.

4.   Use Table 8.2 and Figures 8.1 through 8.4 to classify each station's climate.

Use the data in Table 8.3, the summary data associated with the climographs in Figure 8.6, and your knowledge of climates to answer the remaining questions.

5.   a.   During which sun period (high or low) does most of the precipitation occur in Iquitos, Peru? HIGH (OCT-MAR)

 

b.   What is responsible for the large amount of precipitation during this time?

INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE (ITC)

6.   Compare and contrast the seasonal temperature and precipitation variations of the rainforest and monsoon climates. Af - HIGH EVEN TEMERATURES; HIGH PRECIPITATION YEARROUND

Am - HIGHER TEMPERATURES WITH SLIGHT COOLING DURING DRY SEASON

 

7.   What is responsible for Salt Lake City’s dry climate?

CONTINENTAL INTERIOR LOCATION, RAINSHADOW

 

8.   How do the midlatitude desert (BWk) climates differ from the tropical desert (BWh) climates?

MID-LATITUDE HAS GREATER TEMPERATURE SEASONALITY

 

 

9.   Sacramento, California and Montgomery, Alabama are located at about the same latitude and have similar average annual temperatures. Why do they have such different precipitation regimes?

SACRAMENTO LIES BENEATH THE STRONGEST SUBSIDENCE OF THE SUBTROPICAL HIGH IN SUMMER

 

 

10. a.   When (summer or winter season) does most of the precipitation fall in the Subarctic climates? SUMMER

 

b.   Why? GREATEST NORTHWARD PENETRATION OF WARMER AIR, WHICH CARRIES IN MORE MOISTURE

 

 

11. Why does Sacramento receive most of its precipitation during the winter?

THE SUBTROPICAL HIGH REPOSITIONS MORE TOWARD THE EQUATOR, ALLOWING AN EQUATORWARD DISPLACEMENT OF THE WESTERLIES THAT  DIRECT MORE PACIFIC MOISTURE ONSHORE.

 

12. a.   Which climate station has the largest temperature range?   DAWSON

b.   What is responsible for its large temperature range? INTERIOR (DRY) AND HIGH LATITUDE (INSOLATION SEASONALITY)

 

 

13. a.   Plot the temperature range versus latitude for each of the stations in Table 8.3 on the graph provided.

b.   Estimate the position and draw a line of best fit (straight line) through the plotted points.

14. Describe the relationship between latitude and temperature range represented by your best fit line.

ABOUT 1OC GREATER PER 2O LATITUDE INCREASE

 

 

15. a.   Which points seem to deviate vertically the most from the best fit line?

SACRAMENTO, GREENWICH

 

b.   Is there anything about their location that explains their large deviations?

BOTH ARE COASTAL SITES ON THE WINDWARD (WEST) SIDES OF MID-LATITUDE CONTINENTS

 

 

TABLE 8.3  Climate Data for Selected Cities

             Jan       Feb      Mar      Apr     May       Jun        Jul      Aug       Sep      Oct     Nov      Dec

Iquitos, Peru (3°S, 73°W)

T (°C)    25.6      25.6      24.4         25      24.4      23.3      23.3      24.4      24.4         25      25.6      25.6

P (mm)   259       249       310       165       254       188       168       117       221       183       213       292

Madras, India (13°N,80°E)

T (°C)    24.5      25.8      27.9      30.5      32.7      32.5      30.7      30.1      29.7      28.1    25.99      24.6

P (mm)    24          7         15         25         52         53         83       124       118       267       308       157

Rangoon, Myanmar (17°N, 96°E)

T (°C)   24.3      25.2      27.2      29.8      29.5      27.8      27.6      27.1      27.6      28.3      27.7         25

P (mm)      8          5          6         17       260       524       492       574       398       208        34          3

Faya, Chad (18°N, 21°E)

T (°C)    20.3      22.5      26.2      30.3      33.4      34.1      33.3      32.7      32.6      29.8      24.5      21.2

P (mm)      0          0          0          0         .5        1.1        4.4      10.9         .9          0          0          0

Salt Lake City, Utah (41°N, 112°W)

T (°C)    -2.1        0.9        4.7        9.9      14.7      19.4      24.7      23.6      18.3      11.5        3.4       -0.2

P (mm)    34         30         40         45         36         25         15         22         13         29         33         31

Sacramento, California (39°N, 122°W)

T (°C)        8         10         12         16         19         22         25         24         23         18         12          9

P (mm)    81         76         60         36         15          3          --          1          5         20         37         82

Montgomery, Alabama (32°N, 86°W)

T (°C)     7.9         10      13.9      18.2      22.3      26.1      27.6      27.3      24.7      18.6      13.2        9.3

P (mm) 109.6    129.4    152.6    114.8    100.9      94.3    126.7      85.2    113.9      61.3      92.4    128.9

Dubuque, Iowa (42°N, 90°W)

T (°C)    -8.9       -6.0        1.0        8.6      14.7      19.8      22.3         21      16.4      10.2        2.3       -5.7

P (mm)  33.6      31.7      70.6      98.9    107.5    103.9    106.6    113.7    104.5      66.4      65.3         46

Barrow, Alaska (71°N, 156°W)

T (°C)   -25.6     -27.6     -26.1        -19         -7        1.1          4        3.2       -0.8     -10.2     -18.7        -24

P (mm)   4.2        3.8        3.3        3.7        3.3        7.8      21.8      22.8      14.7      12.8        6.4        4.5

Albuquerque, New Mexico (35°N, 106°W)

T (°C)     1.2        4.4        8.2      12.8      17.8      23.4      25.8      24.3      20.3      13.8        6.8        1.8

P (mm)  10.3      10.5      12.4      11.1      13.8      13.3      33.4      39.3      23.3      21.5      11.7      13.3

Greenwich, England (51°N, 0°W)

T (°C)     3.9        4.2        5.7        8.5      11.9      15.2         17      16.6      14.2      10.3        6.6        4.8

P (mm)  48.9      38.8      39.3      41.4         47      48.3         59      59.6      52.4      65.2      59.3      51.2

Dawson, Canada (64°N, 139°W)

T (°C)   -28.6     -23.8     -14.5       -1.6        7.8      13.7      15.3      12.5          6       -3.5     -17.2     -24.9

P (mm)    19         16      12.1      11.1      23.7      34.2      45.1      43.2      33.3      29.2      25.5      24.2

 

Text Box: FIGURE 8.5 World Map

 

Text Box: Climate Tropical Savanna Annual Temperature Range 8.2°C Avg. Annual Temperature 28.6°C Summer Precipitation 455.0 mm Winter Precipitation 778.0 mm Total Annual Precipitation 1233.0 mm  

 

 

 

 

 

 

Text Box: Climate Tropical Monsoon Annual Temperature Range 5.5°C Avg. Annual Temperature 27.3°C Summer Precipitation 2265.0 mm Winter Precipitation 264.0 mm Total Annual Precipitation 2529.0 mm Text Box: Climate Midlatitude Desert Annual Temperature Range 24.6°C Avg. Annual Temperature 13.4°C Summer Precipitation 134.2 mm Winter Precipitation 79.7 mm Total Annual Precipitation 213.9 mm  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Text Box: Climate Tropical Desert Annual Temperature Range 13.8°C Avg. Annual Temperature 28.7°C Summer Precipitation 16.0 mm Winter Precipitation 0.0 mm Total Annual Precipitation 16.0 mm Text Box: Climate Mediterranean Annual Temperature Range 17.0°C Avg. Annual Temperature 16.5°C Summer Precipitation 60.0 mm Winter Precipitation 356.0 mm Total Annual Precipitation 416.0 mm  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Text Box: Climate Humid Subtropical Annual Temperature Range 18.3°C Avg. Annual Temperature 19.7°C Summer Precipitation 635.8 mm Winter Precipitation 674.2 mm Total Annual Precipitation 1310.0 mm Text Box: Climate Marine Annual Temperature Range 13.1°C Avg. Annual Temperature 9.9°C Summer Precipitation 307.7 mm Winter Precipitation 302.7 mm Total Annual Precipitation 610.4 mm  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Text Box: Climate Tundra Annual Temperature Range 31.6°C Avg. Annual Temperature -12.6°C Summer Precipitation 74.1 mm Winter Precipitation 35.0 mm Total Annual Precipitation 109.1 mm  

 

 

 

 

 

 


Text Box: Climate Af Annual Temperature Range 2.3 Avg. Annual Temperature 24.7 Summer Precipitation 1506 Winter Precipitation 1113 Total Annual Precipitation 2619

Iquitos

Text Box: Climate BSk Annual Temperature Range 26.8 Avg. Annual Temperature 10.7 Summer Precipitation 156 Winter Precipitation 197 Total Annual Precipitation 353

Salt Lake City

 

 

 

Text Box: Climate Dfa Annual Temperature Range 31.2 Avg. Annual Temperature 8.0 Summer Precipitation 635.1 Winter Precipitation 313.6 Total Annual Precipitation 948.7

Dubuque

Text Box: Climate Dfc Annual Temperature Range 43.9 Avg. Annual Temperature -4.9 Summer Precipitation 190.6 Winter Precipitation 126 Total Annual Precipitation 316.6

 

Adobe Systems
Name:________________________________________________             Section:________________

part 2:  Influence of Ocean Currents on Coastal Climate

The five predominant subtropical high pressure cells are shown in Figure 8.7. 

1.   Draw the location of following ocean currents on Figure 8.7 using color coded arrows, blue for cold currents and red for warm.  Consult an atlas or your textbook.

                  Gulf Stream Current (warm)                       Canary Current (cold)

                  North Atlantic Current (warm)                   Benguela Current (cold)

                  California Current (cold)                            Kuroshio Current (warm)

                  Brazil Current (warm)                                North Equatorial Current (warm)

                  Peru Current (cold)                                     South Equatorial Current (warm)

2.   Draw arrows showing the air circulation around the subtropical highs on Figure 8.7.

3.   a.   Is there a relationship between the location of a particular type of ocean current (warm or cold) and coast (east or west), especially in the subtropics and midlatitudes?

YES

b.   If so, what is it? COLD CURRENTS FOLLOW WEST COASTS, AND MOVE EQUATORWARD. WARM CURRENTS FOLLOW EAST COASTS, AND MOVE POLEWARD.

 

c.   Speculate on the reason for the relationship. WINDS CIRCULATING AROUND PRESSURE CENTERS DRIVE OCEAN CURRENTS

 

 

4.   Plot and label the location of San Diego, California (latitude 32.46°N, longitude 117.13°W) and Jacksonville, Florida (latitude 30.2°N, longitude 90.14°W) on Figure 8.7.

 

5.   Use the data in Table 8.4 to compute the following statistics.  Be sure to show your units.

                                                          San Diego             Jacksonville

Mean Annual Temperature             16.9                       20.6

Annual Temperature Range            8.5                         14.8

Total Annual Precipitation              250.4                     1301.6

TABLE 8.4  Selected Climatological Data

                                J         F       M        A       M         J         J        A         S        O        N        D

San Diego, CA  Latitude 32° S, Longitude 117° W

Mean Temp. (°C)    12.7    13.3    14.2    15.5    16.8    18.4    20.4    21.2    20.3    18.2    15.6    16.7

Mean Precip. (mm)  47.2    47.5    39.9    18.3      6.8      1.4      0.8      2.2      3.4    10.7    25.5    46.7

Jacksonville, Florida Latitude 30° S, Longitude 81° W

Mean Temp. (°C)    12.9    14.0    17.0    20.3    23.8    26.6    27.7    27.5    25.8    21.4    16.8    13.4

Mean Precip. (mm)  72.4    81.4   86.0    70.3    96.3   145.7   168.2   168.1   182.9   110.4    50.0    69.9

6.   What kind of ocean current (warm/cold) flows along the coast of California near San Diego? COLD

 

7.   What affect does the ocean current have on air temperature and stability at San Diego?

CREATES FREQUENT INVERSIONS

8.   How does the stability of the air help to explain the dry conditions at this coastal location?

VERY LITTLE CONVECTIVE PRECIPITATION; LITTLE EVAPORATION FROM SEA

9.   What kind of ocean current (warm/cold) is found off the coast of Florida near Jacksonville?

WARM

10. What effect does the ocean current have on the temperature and stability of air at Jacksonville?

INCREASES TEMPERATURE, DECREASES STABILITY

11. How does the stability of the air influence the precipitation at Jacksonville? GREATLY INCREASES THE ABSOLUTE AMOUNT OF MOISTURE IN THE AIR

 

Text Box: FIGURE 8.7 The Five Predominant Subtropical High Pressure Cells

 

Name:________________________________________________             Section:________________

part 3:  Orographic Influence on Climate

1.   Label the following mountain ranges on the world map in Figure 8.8.  You will have to consult an atlas.

   American Mountain Systems      Eurasian Mountain Systems

      Rocky Mountains                              Alps

      Andes                                               Caucuses

      Cascades                                           Himalayas

      Sierra Nevada                                   Hindu Kush

      Appalachian                                     

2.   Plot and label the locations in Table 8.5 on the on the world map in Figure 8.8.

TABLE 8.5  Climate Data for Selected Cities

             Jan       Feb      Mar      Apr     May       Jun        Jul      Aug       Sep      Oct     Nov      Dec

Brest, France (48.5°N, 4.4°W)

T (°C)     6.2        6.0        7.4        8.8      11.5         14      15.8      15.9      14.6      12.1        8.8        7.4

P (mm) 131.8    105.6    101.4      72.7      72.1      57.9      49.1      68.3      85.2       110    127.1    147.9

Strasbourg, France (48.6°N, 7.6°E)

T (°C)     0.0        1.9        5.2        9.5         14      17.2      18.8      18.1      14.7        9.7        4.7        1.4

P (mm)  34.7      31.8      36.7      46.1      65.5      72.8      75.2      70.4      60.3      49.8      46.9      39.2

Orleans, France (47.6°N, 1.6°E)

T (°C)    3.4        3.5        6.9        9.3      13.2      16.3      19.1      18.4      16.1      12.3        7.0        4.7

P (mm)  49.1      40.8      45.2      48.1      57.3      55.0      53.8      52.6      50.0      62.3     58.8      53.6

Astoria, Oregon (46.2°N, 123.8°E)

T (°C)     5.5        6.7        7.6        9.0      11.3      13.8      15.5      15.9      14.6      11.4        8.2        5.7

P (mm) 256.0    197.4    179.6    124.2      72.4      64.3      27.6      34.4      70.7    154.7    264.2    266.0

Walla Walla, Washington (46.1°N, 118.3°W)

T (°C)    -2.1        0.9        4.7        9.9      14.7      19.4      24.7      23.6      18.3      11.5        3.4       -0.2

P (mm)    34         30         40         45         36         25         15         22         13         29         33         31

Butte, Montana (45.9°N, 112.5°W)

T (°C)    -8.4       -5.5       -2.0        3.4        8.4      13.3      17.1      16.2      10.4        5.0       -2.3       -8.0

P (mm)  14.9      12.1      19.5      25.8      46.7      60.8      32.5      30.1      27.6      19.7      13.9      13.9

3.   Examine your world map then describe the general orientation of mountains in North America and Europe.

EUROPE: EAST-WEST              NORTH AMERICA: NORTH-SOUTH

 

4.   Use the Köppen classification system or use a world climate map to determine the climate of each location listed in Table 8.5.

                                                Köppen Climate

      Brest, France                      Cfb

      Orleans, France                  Cfb

      Strasbourg, France              Dfb

      Astoria, Washington          Csb

      Walla Walla, Washington  BSk

      Butte, Montana                  BSk

5.   Which air mass likely dominates Astoria, Washington on the west coast of North America and Brest, France on the west coast of Europe? mP

 

6.   What is the prevailing wind direction and air mass movement at the latitudes for Astoria and Brest? W

 

7.   Plot the total annual precipitation for Astoria, Walla Walla, and Butte on the graph provided in Figure 8.9 and connect the points with straight line segments. Indicate the relative location of any mountains between Astoria and Butte. Consult your world map (Figure 8.8).

8.   Plot the total annual precipitation for Brest, Orleans, and Strasbourg on the graph provided in Figure 8.9 and connect the points with straight line segments. Indicate the relative  location of any mountains between Brest and Budapest. Consult your world map (Figure 8.8).

10.  Compare and contrast the west to east pattern of precipitation between Astoria and Butte with Brest to Strasbourg.  THE NORTH AMERICAN TRANSECT CROSSES THE CASCADES, SO WALLA WALLA AND BUTTE ARE IN RAINSHADOW.  THE EUROPEAN TRANSECT CROSSES NO HIGH MOUNTAIN RANGES.

 

10.  Astoria and Brest are both located very close to a coast yet Astoria receives much more precipitation. Why?

COLD OCEAN CURRENT OFF ASTORIA KEEPS HUMIDITY CLOSE TO SATURATION

11. The annual temperature range for Strasbourg is 18.8oC while Butte has an annual temperature range of 25oC. Why does Strasbourg have such a smaller temperature range than Butte even though both are nearly the same distance from the ocean?

BUTTE HAS DRIER AIR DUE TO RAINSHADOW

11.  Explain how mountain orientation and air mass movement affect the spatial distribution of west coast climate in North America and Europe based on your answers above, the world map in Figure 8.8, and a global map of climate.

TRANSVERSE MOUNTAIN RANGES BLOCK MOISTURE FROM INTERIOR; PARALLEL RANGES DO NOT

FIGURE 8.9  Precipitation Transect

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Text Box: FIGURE 8.8 World Map