APA Style On-Line Source References

The goal in citing any source, of course, is to give credit to the author and provide information that will lead to the source. On-line sources, though often without listed authors, do have internet or e-mail addresses, so it is important to include those when appropriate. For the date, you can sometimes scroll to the end of an internet article or site and find the author's note ("this site is maintained by ____ and was last updated on ____"). If the information came to you via e-mail or a chat room, you may consider that information personal communication, much the same as a letter or interview. Remember that e-mail and chat room or bulletin board messages usually come only to you, so they can't really be considered public documents the way a magazine article or book can. Document them the way you would a letter or interview.

Basically, you should follow the same documentation pattern you've been following for other print sources. Begin with the author, then the year, title, then the type of source, in brackets, followed by the path to follow to gain access to the document.

Online Ref

Greater New Milford (Ct) Area Healthy Community 2000, Task Force on

     Teen and Adolescent Issues.  (n.d.).  Who has time for a family meal? 

You do!  Retrieved October 5, 2000, from tp://www.familymealtime.org

-Use n.d. (no date) when the publication date is not available.



E-mail source:
T.M. Westfall (personal communication, December 17, 1997).

(Note: because your reader cannot recover your personal communication, cite the source in your text only. Do not include it in your list of references at the end of your paper. This also applies to information you receive from chat rooms or electronic bulletin boards.)