Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $2,000

Contribution: $3,520

Title: Adopt-a-lake Program

Org: Fox Lake Inland Lake District

Grant: 3-0062-EE

Contact: Mary Danoski

Addr1: W11226, County AA

Addr2: Fox Lake WI 53933-

Phone: 414-928-2772

Synopsis: The funding provided under this grant supported Phase II of

efforts to establish the Adopt-A-Lake Program for youth on a statewide

basis. This phase included the development of a leader's guide and the

testing of this guide in four pilot programs around Wisconsin. Two 4-H

programs and two school groups participated in the pilot testing. Pilot

activities included soil and water testing, study of fish populations and

fish management, construction of wood duck boxes, and a variety of

activities designed to expand community awareness regarding lake protection

and management. The leader's guide is currently being revised based on

recommendations of the pilot leaders and other reviewers.

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $11,427

Contribution: $3,855

Title: Aquatic/terrestrial Radiotelemetric

Org: Kaukauna High School

Grant: 3-2758-EE

Contact: Ron Vandervelden

Addr1: 101 Oak St.

Addr2: Kaukauna WI 54130-

Phone: 414-766-6100

Synopsis: Over 300 Kaukauna High School Students Initiated A Long Term

Terrestrial Radio Telemetry Study Of The Behavior And Spatial Needs Of

Raccoons During The 92-93 School Year. Students, Parents, Staff And Local

Veterinarians Trapped, Aenesthsized And Collared Four Study Animals. Twice

Weekly And Two All Night Telemetry Exercises Resulted In 210 Locations That

Were Mapped And Analyzed. Students Then Determined Relationships Of Age And

Sex On Space Occupied, Denning Preferences, Travel, And Interactions With

Atmospheric Conditions And With Humans. All Student Conclusions, Maps, Data

And Observations Were Developed Into A Formal, Bound Research Summary Report

Which Was Distributed To Personnel From Various State And Local Agencies.

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $9,460

Contribution: $4,730

Title: Classroom Ready Instructional Materials

Org: Rural Development Center

Grant: 3-0065-EE

Contact: Karen Foley

Addr1: 1406 Highway 18-151 E

Addr2: Mt. Horeb WI 53572-

Phone: 608-437-5971

Synopsis: This project involved an advisory committee of high school

instructors and agency staff to develop classroom-ready materials on five

sustainable agriculture topics that address environmental implications of

agricultural practices. These were used in classes on agriculture, life

sciences, and social studies. The 100-page manual was distributed through

professional and state agency channels to instructors across the state. In

all the project printed 500 copies of the lesson plans and distributed 130

copies by July of 1993. The lesson plans contain a number of excellent

"bottle-biology" projects and experiments.

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $8,800

Contribution: $5,550

Title: Cross Curriculum Integration

Org: Ashwaubenon School District

Grant: 3-0182-EE

Contact: Wendy Catalano

Addr1: C/o 1376 View Lane

Addr2: Green Bay WI 54313-

Phone: 414-492-2950

Synopsis: Inter-disciplinary environmental education curriculum materials

were written and distributed to approximately 175 k-8 teachers. Developed

and produced an eight minute video about the Fallen Timers Environmental

Center (FTEC) and the services offered by the facility and its staff. Held

a half-day one-site workshop at Fallen Timbers for the K-8 teachers using

hands-on examples to explore ideas presented in the prepared materials.

Held two after school in services - one for approximately 160 K-8 teachers

and one for approximately 90 high school teachers - to provide them with

current information about Fallen Timbers and its services. The prepared

video was shown and a guest speaker addressed the issue of Environmental Ed

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $5,000

Contribution: $2,089

Title: EE Change Agent Teams

Org: C E S A 5

Grant: 3-0068-EE

Contact: Paul L. Gundlach

Addr1: 626 East Slifer Street

Addr2: Portage WI 53901-

Phone: 608-742-8811

Synopsis: Fifteen CESA 5 educators participated in a summer workshop. Each

team was asked to draft an action plan describing how they would prepare

other staff members to understand the contents of the 1992 edition of the

Guide. Each plan included a tentative schedule of sessions and topics to b

included. Each school district team completed a strategic plan during the

workshop which was critiqued by the other four teams. Each team was

informed that they would be eligible to utilize the services of the project

consultant for a period of two full days. Five of the six CESA 5 school

districts who had agreed to be project cosponsors supplied teams of

educators. These individuals represented all grade levels and a variety of

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $9,980

Contribution: $5,050

Title: EE Extension And Enhancement

Org: Hayward Community Schools

Grant: 3-2478-EE

Contact: Virginia Metzdorf

Addr1: P.O. Box 860

Addr2: Hayward WI 54843-

Phone: 715-634-8373

Synopsis: The Hayward Community District, with the help of the Cable

Natural History Museum, Department of Natural Resources, Forest Service, an

other agencies and businesses worked together to enhance the District's

environmental education. The construction of a trail at the school forest

was completed. The school then sponsored an environmental awareness day for

six fifth grade classes. The theme, "Managing Wisconsin's Forests: Where D

We Go From Here?" helped teach management concepts. The day was followed u

with an adaptation of Project Wild's "Enviro-Ethics", as professional

resource people presented mock debates and asked the students to make

management decisions base on information given. The school district also c

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $7,768

Contribution: $5,100

Title: EE Through Children's Literature

Org: Menomonie Area School District

Grant: 3-3444-EE

Contact: Ann Quale

Addr1: 4077 Elms Rd

Addr2: Sturgeon Bay WI 54235-9061

Phone: 715-346-4950

Synopsis: Teachers selected trade books with content related to

environmental education and the curriculum at their grade level. Original

lessons were developed and existing materials collected to form resource

books containing activities useful when infusing environmental education

concepts into existing curriculum. Three titles were purchased for each

grade from kindergarten through three and two titles were purchased for each

grade from four through six. Each set is accompanied by a resource book.

The trade books have library binding necessary to stand up to the rigorous

use they will receive. The response from teachers and children who have

used the books has been enthusiastic.

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $11,982

Contribution: $3,174

Title: Earthkeeping: Prairie Restoration

Org: University Of Wisconsin Arboretum

Grant: 3-0063-EE

Contact: Donna Thomas

Addr1: 1207 Seminole Highway

Addr2: Madison WI 53711-

Phone: 608-262-5522

Synopsis: This project provided 24-hour workshops for 26 teachers, a

one-day curriculum writing day for 24 teachers, and presentations at school

and conferences for nearly 300 teachers. For the first time since

Earthkeeping began in 1991, teachers had consultations at their schools wit

Arboretum staff members; received a newsletter ( the newsletter will be

continued after the project ends); and were given special Earthkeeping tour

at the Arboretum (9 Arboretum guides were trained in these techniques).

The project enabled comparison of workshop formats (a series of

after-school and weekend meetings, versus a week-long summer program); we

concluded that a concentrated summer program provides better continuity and

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $11,500

Contribution: $3,845

Title: Environmental Education Inventory

Org: WI Assn For Environmental Ed

Grant: 3-0082-EE

Contact: Pat Marinac / Meta Reig

Addr1: 7290 County MM

Addr2: Amherst Jct. WI 54407-

Phone: 715-824-2428

Synopsis: This was the first of three phases aimed at the development of

state EE plan. The project focused on identifying major providers and

supporters of EE in the state, along with their audiences, program emphasis

and perceived needs in EE. It is a cooperative effort between the WEEB and

WAEE, with assistance from the Center for Environmental Education. Survey

questionnaires were mailed to 1,514 organizational and agency contacts in

April 1993. Efforts were made to reach as many EE providers and supporters

as possible. 663 surveys were returned (43.8%). Results indicate 1) that

many providers rely on government funding, 2) that they are broad-based EE

programs, 3) Adult EE programs need to be expanded, 4) programs need focus.

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $8,326

Contribution: $6,674

Title: Incorporating Computer And Video Technology

Org: Mercer School District

Grant: 3-3484-EE

Contact: Steven Stevenoski

Addr1: P. O. Box 567; Margaret Street

Addr2: Mercer WI 54547-

Phone: 715-476-2154

Synopsis: The project proposed to work with learning disabled and gifted

students in cooperative groups to develop Hypercard stacks for learning

local and global environmental topics. Students were instructed in the use

of the Macintosh computer and specifically in how to use the Hypercard

program to prepare learning stacks. Initially a written tree guide was

developed by the students for use with elementary students. This gave them

hands on experience working with the computers and in groups. Students

learned to use a still video camera to capture images for use in their

stacks. We found that during the course of the project that some aspects o

the video capture process were too difficult for the Learning Disabled (LD)

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $4,000

Contribution: $18,750

Title: Integrated Environmental Studies

Org: Platteville High School

Grant: 3-4389-EE

Contact: Dean Issacson

Addr1: 710 East Madison Street

Addr2: Platteville WI 53818-

Phone: 608-342-4400

Synopsis: Two English teachers began an Integrated Environmental Studies

(IES) class for 16 juniors and seniors at Platteville High School with

activities designed to make students more aware of each other and their

environment. Most of the WEEB grant money was spent to take students to the

Wisconsin High School Environmental Conference in Stevens Point. Through

various prior class projects involving water testing in the Platteville

area, they had learned about groundwater contamination, and understood the

causes of the problems of nitrates in the drinking water around Stevens

Point. The class also had an opportunity to tour the College of Natural

Resources, the Schmeeckle Reserve, the Wisconsin Conservation Hall of Fame,

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $800

Contribution: $365

Title: Measurements Of The Water Quality

Org: Sunburst Youth Homes

Grant: 3-0080-EE

Contact: David Packard

Addr1: 1210 West 4th

Addr2: Neillsville WI 54456-

Phone: 715-743-3154

Synopsis: Seventy emotionally disturbed students ranging in age from 8 to

18 from Sunburst Youth Homes, a residential treatment center in Neillsville

WI, took measurements of the water quality to monitor pollution in the Black

River. The students used three methods: (1) chemical analysis, (2)

monitoring the invertebrate population, and (3) sedimentation using various

types of sediment traps. They also monitored and recorded water and air

temperatures, water depth and speed as an integral part of the measurements

The final results showed that the Black River is not polluted and therefore

can be used for fishing, swimming, canoeing, and other recreational

purposes. The students gained valuable hands-on outdoor experience.

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $7,000

Contribution: $875

Title: Minimal Impact Camping

Org: Birch Trails Girl Scout Council

Grant: 3-0079-EE

Contact: Mary Cherf

Addr1: 601 S. 32nd Avenue

Addr2: Wausau WI 54401-3958

Phone: 715-675-2371

Synopsis: One day workshops were held for adults at council owned Camp

Birch Trails in October 1992 and June 1993 to accomodate more troop leaders

The curriculum was based on outdoor education materials and earned

recognition requirements for girls relating to minimal impact camping and

land use techniques published by Girl Scouts of the U.S.A. Hired outdoor

education specialists provided materials published by the Wisconsin

Department of Natural Resources, the University of Wisconsin - Stevens

Point, and other sources, and presented lectures and demonstrations. Adult

participants were able to teach girls about minimal impact camping as well

as proper camping techniques with regard to the environment.

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $890

Contribution: $1,828

Title: Museum Of Natural History

Org: Sauk Prairie Schools

Grant: 3-5100-EE

Contact: Dr. Richard Magnuson

Addr1: 213 Maple Street

Addr2: Sauk City WI 53583-

Phone: 608-643-3336

Synopsis: Biology students from Sauk Prairie High School participated in a

year long collection of data and materials to determine the state of the

school district's environment. Students organized this data and

constructed exhibits and permanent records for use by future students,

faculty, resource managers, and the general public. Terrestrial and aquatic

samples were analyzed and specimens were preserved and mounted for

permanent display. A video tape was produced showing collection methods an

techniques. District teachers were involved by using inservices, and a

Natural History Museum for the district began to take shape.

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $9,470

Contribution: $5,900

Title: Native American EE Project

Org: Deforest Area School District

Grant: 3-1316-EE

Contact: Bonnie Dana

Addr1: 520 E. Holum

Addr2: Deforest WI 53532-

Phone: 608-846-6518

Synopsis: The finished product of the project is a set of resource kits o

environmental/ native American education for use in elementary, middle and

secondary level classrooms. The kits include lesson plans, resource lists,

activities, games, books, videos, stones, quills and other articles

necessary to implement the program. The kits focus on the inherent

connection between environmental respect and responsibility, and Native

American culture and practices. The kit booklets are available on request,

however, the number of kits prepared is limited for participant use at this

time. The Bayfield team held a multiculutural fair and presented lesson

plans to their staff. The Black River Falls team inserviced their staff an

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $11,000

Contribution: $18,039

Title: Participatory Multidisciplinary EE

Org: Bowler School District

Grant: 3-0623-EE

Contact: Ann Smith

Addr1: 500 S. Almon Road; P. O. Box 8

Addr2: Bowler WI 54416-

Phone: 715-793-4101

Synopsis: Personnel in the Bowler School, community members, and students

collaborated in the school year to develop a 22 acre property into an

environmental laboratory to be used by the community and the Bowler Public

School students (K-12). A plot of 3-4 acres was disced, rocks picked by

students, and then planted with grasses, corn, and wildflowers. Trails were

made throughout the forest and covered with woodchips. Certain plants and

trees were marked for further study. A shelter was built to be used for

class discussions and activities. An activity booklet was prepared for use

by all faculty members while at the school forest.

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $9,980

Contribution: $1,500

Title: Project Out- S.I.D.E.

Org: Friends Of Mosquito Hill

Grant: 3-0060-EE

Contact: James S. Anderson

Addr1: N3880 Rogers Road

Addr2: New London WI 54961-

Phone: 414-779-6433

Synopsis: Project Out-SIDE was developed at Mosquito Hill Nature Center t

introduce elementary educators to outdoor teaching strategies. Twenty

Kindergarten through sixth grade educators were selected from the school

districts of Hortonville, New London and Schiocton to participate in the

year long pilot experience. Participants were introduced to a variety of

teaching methods that promote confidence when teaching in the outdoor

setting. They developed original outdoor lessons to implement with their

respective classes. Their techniques and curricula osmosed from

participants to colleagues and classroom to classroom. The philosophy

behind Project Out-SIDE is that teaching in natural areas can easily be in

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $5,000

Contribution: $5,456

Title: Promising Practices In Environmental Education

Org: WI Center For Environmental Ed

Grant: 3-0072-EE

Contact: Dr. Randy Champeau

Addr1: UWSP, Learning Resources Center

Addr2: Stevens Point WI 54481-

Phone: 715-346-4174

Synopsis: This project evaluated the Environmental Education Curriculum

plans and programs through a flexible process. It developed a set of

criteria which outlined the qualities of effective EE curriculum plan and

put these into a guide which could be used in a variety of educational

settings. The guide was divided into five sections, based on the

recommended stops for developing, implementing, and evaluating an EE

curriculum. Each section included subsections on Promising Approaches,

Promising Practices, and Environmental Education Quality Reminders. The

Guide is available through the University of Wisconsin Stevens Point.

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $9,840

Contribution: $1,248

Title: R.E.S.P.E.C.T.

Org: Maplewood School At Exodus House

Grant: 3-1554-EE

Contact: Paulette Seyberth

Addr1: 3042 Kilbourne Avenue

Addr2: Eau Claire WI 54701-

Phone: 715-835-7582

Synopsis: Guest Instructors Were Invited To Demonstrate Observational And

Other Process Skills In Direct Environmental Experience. They Also

Demonstrated Basic Understandings Of Traditional Native American

Environmental Knowledge By Storytelling And Correlated The Traditional With

Contemporary Western Thought. Because There Were Only Four Students, As

Opposed To The Expected Enrollment Of About 20, The Facility Was Closed As

Of 9-25-92. Curriculum Created As Of That Date Was Included With The

Narrative.

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $5,313

Contribution: $6,496

Title: Riverside Park Project

Org: Milwaukee Public Schools

Grant: 3-3619-EE

Contact: Robert Jasna

Addr1: P. O. Drawer 10k

Addr2: Milwaukee WI 53201-8210

Phone: 414-475-8092

Synopsis: This project improved teacher awareness and provided historical

knowledge of Riverside Park, an urban nature park, through staff

development, inservices, and hands-on activities. A binder with information

on plants and animal life, the Milwaukee River, and water was distributed t

participants. The staff development component provided teachers with

training on how to use a local urban park as an outdoor laboratory for

environmental education (EE). It trained senior citizens as naturalist to

provide EE opportunities for urban youth and neighborhood residents. The

project also had teachers develop pre- and post-field trip curricula so

that the experiences and materials are connected to the school district.

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $5,500

Contribution: $12,150

Title: S E WI High School. Stud. Env. Group

Org: Interfaith Conference Of Milwaukee

Grant: 3-0055-EE

Contact: Jack Murtaugh

Addr1: 1442 N. Farwell

Addr2: Milwaukee WI 53202-

Phone: 414-229-4379

Synopsis: Organized And Held Numerous Organizational And Planning Meeting

Newsletter Developed And Disseminated Several Times. Network Named Sense

"Student Environmental Network To Save The Earth," Buttons Developed, Logo

To Be Developed. Raised Funds To Send 3 Student Representatives To The

Earth Summit In Brazil In June 1992. Students Reported Back To Numerous

Community And School Groups And Led Off The Network Co-sponsored WI High

School Environmental Conference. Members Of The Network Planned And

Implemented Part Of The Activities For The November 20 Conference And

Staffed A Booth To Recruit New Schools To The Network. The Conference Was

Resounding Success In Terms Of Program Quality, Relevance To Students.

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $7,020

Contribution: $4,000

Title: School Site/ At Risk Rehabilitation

Org: Superior School District

Grant: 3-5663-EE

Contact: Benjamin Kanninen,

Addr1: 3025 Tower Avenue

Addr2: Superior WI 54880-

Phone: 715-394-8700

Synopsis: Because of the long-term nature of this project, the original

intent of the proposal had to be modified to include only four (instead of

8) schools -- Blaine, Cooper, Pattison and Lake Superior. Three new school

were built and the fourth had a forest already. Twenty-seven students at

Northland received training in plant identification, biodiversity and

landscape architecture. They formed teams to map individual school sites

and prepare the administration, teachers, custodians and students at each

school. Initial construction of the landscaped sites occurred in spring of

1993. Students selected and marked plants for relocation and removed the

plants from the school forest.

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $7,237

Contribution: $4,388

Title: School System E.E. Network

Org: WI Center For Environmental Ed

Grant: 3-0073-EE

Contact: Dr. Yvonne Meichtry

Addr1: UWSP, Learning Resources Center

Addr2: Stevens Point WI 54481-

Phone: 715-346-4943

Synopsis: As an outgrowth of the Wisconsin School System Environmental

Education Network , one-day environmental education (EE) inservices were

held in two CESA regions of the state: rural CESAs (CESA 10 and 11) and an

urban CESA (CESA 1). Participants at each inservice included EE Network

liaisons, other teachers, and administrators. The content and format of the

inservices were based on the results of a needs assessment conducted in each

of the three CESA regions. Session topics offered were elementary EE

curriculum resources, middle school EE curriculum resources, secondary EE

curriculum resources, EE issue investigations, EE infusion ideas, EE grants

EE & technology, outdoor school sites, and state/ regional EE networks. A

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $10,328

Contribution: $10,294

Title: The Lake And The Bay

Org: Gibralter Public School

Grant: 3-2114-EE

Contact: David Lee

Addr1: Fish Creek

Addr2: Fish Creek WI 54212-

Phone: 414-868-3284

Synopsis: This project involved all biology students in a qualitative study

of Green Bay waters near the school. Each student was a member of a team

that researched, designed, and built equipment necessary to carry on the

area of concentration that they were responsible for. The final assignment

included producing a video film that will be used as a presentation for a

Northeast Wisconsin teachers forum (Spring 1994). An added benefit for the

students was the cooperation and resources received by agencies and

individuals in the community.

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $2,842

Contribution: $840

Title: Today's Kids Making Tomorrow's Decisions

Org: West Salem School District

Grant: 3-6370-EE

Contact: Barbara J. Thompson

Addr1: 405 E. Hamlin Street

Addr2: West Salem WI 54669-

Phone: 608-786-2382

Synopsis: The goal of this project was to help the teachers of the West

Salem School District to better understand their environment and all its

interrelationships. This increased understanding would then, hopefully,

help them to feel more secure in teaching at the West Salem School Forest.

All teachers in grades K-7 received six hours of inservice training at the

school forest. Inservice focused on concepts specific to their grade.

Because the school forest curriculum is a sequential curriculum, the

teachers were also given an overview of the concepts taught at all grade

levels so they were better able to understand where and how their specific

concepts fit into the overall program. The inservice stimulated teachers t

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $6,000

Contribution: $2,717

Title: Underground Storage Tank Removal:

Org: National Farm Medicine Center

Grant: 3-0075-EE

Contact: Paul Gunderson / Sharon

Addr1: NFMC: 1000 North Oak Avenue

Addr2: Marshfield WI 54449-

Phone: 715-387-9298

Synopsis: Under the grant, the National Farm Medicine Center (NFMC) was

able to expand their efforts to educate Wisconsin farmers about both

environmental and personal safety concerns related to underground storage

tank removal. During 1992-93, NFMC members met with staff from the Golden

Sands Resource Conservation and Development, UW Extension, Soil Conservation

Service, WI Department of Natural Resources, two Wisconsin Priority

Watershed projects, Vo/Ag instructors, and others to develop ideas and

prepare an outline for a videotape entitled Underground Storage Removal: A

Farmer's Guide to Environmental and Personal Safety. In June 1993 a draft

outline and script was prepared from these discussions. Continued support

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $4,671

Contribution: $4,332

Title: Urban Butterfly Community

Org: Garfield Elementary School

Grant: 3-3619-EE

Contact: Cheryl Matas

Addr1: 2215 N. 4th

Addr2: Milwaukee WI 53212-

Phone: 414-562-0555

Synopsis: Teachers were inserviced on butterflies and communities and

decided to team-teach the curriculum. All children studied environmental

communities and how changes could affect them in both positive and negative

ways, gardening, composting, and butterfly basic needs, habitat, defenses,

and life cycle. primary children studied cultivated nectar and larval food

plants and planted a more traditional garden. Intermediate children studied

native butterflies and native plants and worked on creating several types o

native areas: prairie, woodland, and marsh. The City of Milwaukee donated

logs for benches for the outdoor classroom, so the children planted

marigolds to outline a space for their classroom. Unfortunately, the butte

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $1,846

Contribution: $5,797

Title: WI K-12 Student Literacy Assessment

Org: WI Center For Environmental Ed

Grant: 3-0071-EE

Contact: Dr. Randy Champeau

Addr1: Univ. Of Wisconsin

Addr2: Stevens Point WI 54481-

Phone: 715-346-4174

Synopsis: All goals of the WI K-12 Student Environmental Literacy

Assessment Project were accomplished. Pilot versions of the 5th and 11th

grand instruments were constructed and sent to random samples of

approximately 1,500 students respectively. A total of 1,092 completed 11th

grade tests were returned and a total of 1,132 5th grade test were returned.

Tests are presently being analyzed and a project advisory committee meeting

has been established to review the pilot results and use them to plan and

run a statewide sample with the final instrument in 1993-94.

Year: 1992

WEEB Grant: $11,540

Contribution: $5,492

Title: A Holistic Approach To Environmental Education

Org: Cochrane- Fountain City Community Sch.

Grant: 4-1155-EE

Contact: Kenneth Wald

Addr1: Box 517

Addr2: Fountain City WI 54629-

Phone: 608-687-4171

Synopsis: Sixteen educators (10 elementary and 6 community leaders from

Girl Scouts, Boy Scouts, and 4H) were provided four seasonal outdoor

environmental experiences aimed at heightening their awareness, increasing

their sensitivity, improving their knowledge of, and positively influencing

their attitudes toward the environment. The four seasonal, dawn-to-dusk

trips afield were conducted in the area's two major ecosystems: the

blufflands and the Mississippi River bottoms of Buffalo County, WI. The

field trips involved prolonged periods of silence and the maintaining of a

written journal focusing on the participants feelings, attitudes, and value

rather than the environment as science. This experience carried over into