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Cambium - a layer of living cells, between the bark and hardwood, that each year produces additional wood and bark cells. This layer is responsible for the diameter growth of a tree. Carbohydrate a form of sugar energy plants create during photosynthesis. Carbon Sequestering a process whereby trees and other plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and through photosynthesis, turn it into plant material. Carnivore - an organism whose primary food source is tissue from other organisms. Cellulose - the substance making up the cells walls of plants; wood fiber used in paper manufacturing. Central Sands - the bed of extinct Glacial Lake Wisconsin, and associated uplands. This region includes extensive natural and restored marshes, sedge meadows, lowland hardwoods, and conifer bogs, as well as commercial cranberry operations, irrigated cropland and pasture, and large tracts of pine and oak forest, aspen, and pine plantations in the south western and south central part of the state. Chain - unit used to measure distance; one chain equals 66 feet. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) - a Depression-era government program for unemployed men that performed projects that improved our forests and parks. Clearcut - an area where all trees have been harvested at the same time. Clearcutting - a management technique in which all of the trees in an area are cut at the same time. This technique is sometimes used to cultivate shade-intolerant tree species. Climate - the long-term weather pattern of an area, including temperature, precipitation, and wind. Climatic Zones - regions of different temperature and moisture conditions. Climax Forest a forest community that represents the final stage of natural forest succession for its environment. Co-dominant - trees with crowns at the same height as other trees around them. They receive full light from above but little from the sides. Commercial Forestland forestland capable of producing a specified amount of industrial-grade wood under natural stand conditions. It is not allocated to non-timber uses. Community - a group of plants and animals interacting with one another in a given area. Competition - the struggle between plants or animals for limited resources necessary for survival (food, water, shelter, space) in a given area. Compound Leaf - a type of leaf that has one stem and many smaller leaflets that grow from it. Coniferous - a tree that bears cones and has needles. Also called evergreens. Coniferous Forest - a type of forest with mostly cone-bearing trees. Conservation - the management of a renewable resource for the long-term. Conserve - to use or manage a certain type of tree or type of forest in a sustainable manner. Consumer - an organism unable to produce its own food energy. Consumers get their food energy by eating producers or other consumers. Cord - a stack of wood measuring 128 cubic feet. The standard measures of a cord are 4' by 4' by 8'. Crosscut Saw - a saw designed to cut across the grain of wood; what lumberjacks used in the 1800s and early 1900s to saw trees down. Crown - the part of a tree with live branches and leaves. Crown Layer - the upper layer of a forest ecosystem containing the tallest, dominant trees. Cruiser - the person who estimates the amount of wood in a forest before it is cut. Cubic Foot - unit of volume measure equal to 12" x 12" x 12". Cultural Value - the worth of a forest in terms of the way a person was raised to believe in it. Cutover - land that has been logged. This term is often used as
the cutover, which refers to northern Wisconsin after it was heavily
logged during the period from the 1850s to the 1920s. |