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Bark - outermost layer on a tree's trunk that protects the tree from injury. Barren - a forest ecosystem dominated by scrubby tree growth, dry soils, and woody shrubs. Basic Needs - the minimum conditions that need to be met for something to continue to live. The five basic needs of animals are: food, water, shelter, space, and air. The five basic needs of trees are sunlight, nutrients, water, space, and air. Best Management Practice (BMP) - a combination of practices aimed at protecting waterways. Biltmore Stick - a graduated rule used to estimate the diameter of standing trees. Biodiversity - the variety and complexity of life on Earth at all scales. Examples include: genetic, species, ecosystem, and landscape. Biological Community - a group of plants and animals interacting with one another in a given area. Biological Diversity see Biodiversity. Biomass - the weight of living and dead organic matter in an ecosystem usually measured per unit area over a particular time interval. Biome - a regional ecosystem characterized by distinct types of vegetation, animals, and microbes that have developed under specific soil and climatic conditions. Biosphere - the air, land, and water on Earths surface that contain living organisms. Biotechnology - the use of living organisms, or parts of living organisms, to provide new methods of production, alter disease resistance, make new products, and find new ways to improve our quality of life. Biotic - refers to living things. Biotic Factors - living organisms that impact the growth, composition, and structure of the forest (e.g., insects, herbivores, humans). Blade - the flat part of the leaf; usually green or red in color. BMP (Best management practices) - a combination of forest management practices aimed at protecting water resources. Board Foot - a volume measurement for lumber equal to 144 square inches (1" x 12" x 12"). Bole - tree stem of merchantable thickness. Boreal Forest - a forest that grows in regions of the northern hemisphere with cold temperatures. Made up of mostly cold tolerant coniferous species such as spruce and fir. Broadleaf - a tree that sheds all of its leaves annually. They have leaves as opposed to needles. These trees are also called deciduous. Bucker - (historical term) the person whose job was to cut the tree trunk into logs. Bundle - group of needles held together at the
base by a small papery wrap called a fascicle. |