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Psychomotor objectives are those
specific to discreet physical functions, reflex actions and interpretive
movements. Traditionally, these types of objectives are concerned with
the physically encoding of information, with movement and/or with
activities where the gross and fine muscles are used for expressing or
interpreting information or concepts. This area also refers to natural,
autonomic responses or reflexes.
As stated earlier, to avoid confusion, if the activity is
simply something that is physical which supports another area -- affective or
cognitive -- term the objective physical rather than psychomotor. This goes to
instructional intent. A primary example of something physical which supports
specific cognitive development and skills might be looking through a microscope
and identifying and drawing cells. Here the instructional intent of this common
scientific activity is not to develop specific skilled proficiency in microscope
viewing or in reproducing cells through drawing. The key intent in this activity
is that a physical action supports or is a vehicle for cognitive growth and
furthering recognition skills. The learner is using the physical action to
achieve the cognitive objectives -- identify, recognize, and differentiate
varied types of cells. If you are using a physical activity to support a
cognitive or affective function, simply label it as something physical (
labeling the objective as kinesthetic, haptic, or tactile is also acceptable)
and avoid the term psychomotor.
(Based on Anita Harrow's taxonomy).
Reflex movements
Objectives at this level include reflexes that involve
one segmental or reflexes of the spine and movements that may involve more than
one segmented portion of the spine as intersegmental reflexes (e.g., involuntary
muscle contraction). These movements are involuntary being either present at
birth or emerging through maturation.
Fundamental movements
Objectives in this area refer to skills or movements or behaviors related to
walking, running, jumping, pushing, pulling and manipulating. They are often
components for more complex actions.
Perceptual abilities
Objectives in this area should address skills related to kinesthetic (bodily
movements), visual, auditory, tactile (touch), or coordination abilities as they
are related to the ability take in information from the environment and react.
Physical abilities
Objectives in this area should be related to endurance, flexibility, agility,
strength, reaction-response time or dexterity.
Skilled movements
Objectives in this area refer to skills and movements that must be learned
for games, sports, dances, performances, or for the arts.
Nondiscursive communication
Objectives in this area refer to expressive movements through posture,
gestures, facial expressions, and/or creative movements like those in mime or
ballet. These movements refer to interpretative movements that communicate
meaning without the aid of verbal commands or help.
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